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ABSTRACT

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Bouwen in België is aan verandering toe. Om het grote vraagstuk van de bestaande gebouwenvoorraad op te lossen en te beantwoorden aan de in belang toenemende klimaateisen, is inventiviteit nodig. Deze inventiviteit is te vinden in de combinatie van anders wonen en anders bouwen.

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De masterproef is ontstaan vanuit een persoonlijke interesse voor materialiteit, praktijk en het ontwerpen van experimentele, duurzame en energiezuinige gebouwen die voldoen aan de eisen van vandaag en van de toekomst. Deze interesse is in eerste instantie gevoed en verder opengebloeid door het ‘Bijzonder Vraagstuk Ontwerpleer: Element, Assemblage, Traktaat’ bij Lieven en Maarten (2017-2018). En in tweede instantie door een verdere studie van het werk van BLAF Architecten en hun diepgaande, experimentele en ontwerpmatige zoektocht naar passief en energiezuinig bouwen.

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Waar staat het gebouw van de toekomst?
Wat is het gebouw van de toekomst?
Hoe wordt het gebouw in de toekomst gemaakt?

Wie maakt het gebouw van de toekomst?

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‘30 WAYS TO BUILD A WALL’ wil een antwoord zoeken op de vragen van anders wonen en anders bouwen en daarin een beeld schetsen van de toekomst op schaal van de ambities van een land, maar ook op schaal van het detail.

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In deel I wordt het anders wonen en anders bouwen uitgewerkt en wordt de vergelijking gemaakt tussen België en Nederland. Op vlak van compact wonen zijn ze ons in Nederland een stap voor. Ook de Belgische overgang van de EPB- naar de BEN-eisen is niet doorgedreven genoeg als met kijkt naar het Nederlandse antwoord op de Europese klimatologische richtlijnen.

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Het antwoord is een combinatie van én anders wonen én anders bouwen, waarbij de doelstellingen dichter moeten aanleunen bij die van passiefwoningen in een stedelijke omgeving. Kennis en expertise hieromtrent zijn het resultaat van anticiperende, vooruitstrevende en innovatieve experimenten die gepaard gaan met bijhorende risico en angst.

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Deel II is meer praktijkgericht in verband met het anders bouwen. Uit het werk van BLAF Architecten wordt een ‘catalogus’ opgesteld van de verschillende muuropbouwen die ze doorheen hun loopbaan realiseerden met het oog op passief en energiezuinig bouwen. Deze worden in detail weergegeven en besproken.

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EXTENDED ABSTRACT

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Building in Belgium needs a change. In order to solve the major issue of the existing building stock and to meet the growing climate demands, inventiveness is needed. This inventiveness can be found in the combination of living differently and building differently.

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The master thesis originated from a personal interest in materiality, practice and the design of experimental, sustainable and energy-efficient buildings that meet the requirements of today and of the future. This interest was initially nurtured and further flourished by the course ‘Bijzonder Vraagstuk Ontwerpleer: Element, Assemblage, Traktaat’ by Lieven and Maarten (2017-2018). And secondly through a further study of the work of BLAF Architects and their in-depth, experimental and design research for passive and energy-efficient buildings.

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Where is the building of the future located?

What is the building of the future?
How will the building be made in the future?

Who makes the building of the future?

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“30 WAYS TO BUILD A WALL” looks for answers to the questions of living differently and building differently and sketching a picture of the future on a scale of the ambitions of a country (part I), but also on a scale of the detail (part II).

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Living differently

Housing in Belgium and the Netherlands is being confronted with new challenges at an increasing pace. The aging population, population growth and family dilution are increasing the need for housing. In addition, regulations, especially under European pressure, are becoming increasingly strict. The building industry responds with continuous innovation in techniques, materials and concepts.

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Contemporary homes must be ecological, sustainable and comfortable, but above all smaller and more compact than before. Most Flemish people still dream of a large villa with a double garage and a spacious garden somewhere in the green outskirts, but under pressure of the circumstances that is changing rapidly. The rising demand for housing and the high land prices, together with the urge for energy-efficient buildings, ensure an evolution towards more compact living. At the same time, the plots are getting smaller and smaller and there is also a clear shift from detached to terraced houses. The detached building will be an exception.

The Netherlands, just as strong or even stronger urbanized than Belgium, is one step ahead of us on this matter. They have been building more compact for several years, focusing on height. Whereas the Flemish, who still associates efficient living with smaller and less quality living. The compact home of tomorrow is in no way inferior to the spacious, detached homes of today.

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Building differently

Anyone who wants or is about to build a house cannot ignore it: building sustainable and ecological must be taken into account as well as energy consumption. And not only because energy prices are rising very quickly, but also because the environment is struggling because of the high CO2 emissions.

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Fortunately, there are ways to reduce energy consumption and reduce CO2 emissions. The classic solution in Belgium is to build an EPB home; this meets the current minimum legal requirements. EPB relates to the total energy package of your home: insulation, airtightness, solar panels, ventilation, heating systems, but also the quality of your indoor climate. Over the years, in particular in Flanders, the requirements have become increasingly strict, which means that homes are becoming more energy efficient and emitting less.

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Besides EPB, there are also low-energy homes, zero-energy homes and passive homes that focus on energy-efficient construction. Since 2013 there have also been BEN homes, BEN replaces the former EPB and from 2021 it becomes the standard for new-build homes in Flanders, even throughout Europe. What makes BEN homes special is that they use little energy for heating, ventilation, cooling and hot water. The energy that is still needed is obtained from green energy sources.

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Here too, the Netherlands are ahead of us, with the transition from EPC to BENG indicators, there is more focus on the energy requirement of a building, and it is much closer to the passive house standard than our BEN requirements. If I take a look at the future, the answer lies somewhere between BEN and passive.

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BLAF Architects

BLAF Architects question a number of traditional building methods and have carried out a number of experimental projects throughout their career in search of an ecological answer to the cumbersome and inflexible building that is still frequently used in Belgium. Sustainability is not only limited to the energy performance of the buildings, but can also be found in a critical analysis of the residential model itself. This results in a strategic reinvention of the aesthetic and programming possibilities.

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In the office, integral sustainability has become a fully-fledged pillar, which means that a few years ago they made the conscious decision to jump; to the city and to larger projects. It is difficult to speak of integral sustainability on the scale of a single home. A lot of challenges require a larger scale. The fascinating thing about the city is that everything is intertwined. If you turn one button, a snowball effect of positive reactions can occur. If Leo Van Broeck, the Flemish Master Builder, insists on spatial efficiency, it is because that is where most can be obtained: mobility, infrastructure, energy and water management, nature restoration, well-being and so on.

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Part II of the thesis is a more practical approach to building differently. The work of BLAF Architects has been composed into a “catalog”, showing the various wall structures they have realized throughout their career focused on passive and energy efficient buildings. These are shown and discussed in detail.